Episode 6: The Spanish Flag: Four Kingdoms of the Rojigualda
A Moorish caliphate becomes a Christian empire. And a once fascist state adopts a flourishing – if disunited – democracy. This is the story of the violent, bloody, and beautiful history of the red-and-gold flag of the Kingdom of Spain.
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


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References
Morris, Carole. “Who Are The Morocco Berbers?” Journey Beyond Travel. https://www.journeybeyondtravel.com/blog/morocco-travel-berbers.html
Cartwright, Mark. “Reconquista.” Ancient History Encyclopedia. October 5, 2018. https://www.ancient.eu/Reconquista/
Cartwright, Mark. “Second Crusade.” Ancient History Encyclopedia. July 17, 2018. https://www.ancient.eu/Second_Crusade/
DeLong, William. “This Inbred Spanish King Was “So Ugly” That He Scared His Own Wife.” All That’s Interesting. June 7, 2020. https://allthatsinteresting.com/charles-ii-of-spain
Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica, The. “Spanish Civil War.” Encyclopaedia Britannica. July 10, 2020. https://www.britannica.com/event/Spanish-Civil-War
Hirtes, Matthew. “From Saint to Sinner: The Abdication of Spain’s King Juan Carlos.” CataVino. https://catavino.net/abdication-spanish-king-juan-carlos/
History.com Editors. “French defeated in Spain, ending the Peninsular War.” History.com. July 21, 2010. https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/french-defeated-in-spain
Knighton, Andrew. “10 Facts – Napoleon’s Invasion of Spain.” War History Online. December 24, 2016. https://www.warhistoryonline.com/napoleon/11-facts-napoleons-invasion-spain.html
Sache, Ivan. “Historical Flags 1936-1938 (Spain): Flags of the Rebel or 'National' Forces.” CRW Flags. August 29, 2015. https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/es1936.html
Walbert, David. “Spain and America: From Reconquest to Conquest.” Anchor. https://www.ncpedia.org/anchor/spain-and-america-reconquest
Wester-Ebbinghaus, Reed. “Berbers.” Ancient History Encyclopedia. September 27, 2016. https://www.ancient.eu/Berbers/
Trista. “40 Odd Facts About the Inbred King Charles II of Spain.” History Collection. https://historycollection.com/40-facts-about-the-inbred-king-charles-ii-spain/2/
“Franco's testicle shot off in Morocco: report.” ABC News Australia. May 18, 2020. https://www.abc.net.au/news/2009-05-18/francos-testicle-shot-off-in-morocco-report/1686470
“Fun With Flags #2 - The Spanish Flag.” General Knowledge. May 20, 2017. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xwugHnX_iUQ
“Habsburg Dynasty.” Encyclopedia.com. https://www.encyclopedia.com/people/history/austria-and-hungary-history-biographies/habsburg-dynasty
“History flag of Spain.” Emperor Johnathan. January 8, 2015. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WYO8EEHWKCg
“History of the Spanish flag.” Geografie 28. January 28, 2017. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3kyQOx2JCRQ
“Reconquista.” Enforex. https://www.enforex.com/culture/reconquista.html
“The muslim conquest of Spain (711 - 717).” History Class. February 16, 2020. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rXH9odkttcY
“War of the Spanish Succession | 3 Minute History.” Jabzy. November 5, 2015. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lvkS3_TenSc
“War of the Spanish Succession | Animated History.” The Armchair Historian. October 19, 2018. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DoyeET_F6i0
“What Does the Spanish Flag Mean?” RealLifeLore. May 1, 2016. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AsxBalxAqzg
Music
“Wide Eyes” by Chad Crouch
“RSPN” by Blank and Kytt
“Luminous” by Broke for Free
“Soixante-8” by Obsibilo
“If” by Broke for Free
“Something Elated” by Broke for Free
“Drop of Water in the Ocean” by Broke for Free
Source: FreeMusicArchive.org