Episode 3: The Hawaiian Flag: America’s Last Kingdom
Is the Hawaiian state flag a symbol of annexation and occupation? Or is it one of reconciliation? This is the story of the Hawaiian flag, the last remnant of a once-proud kingdom sitting on the western shores of the American empire.
References
“A Brief History of the Hawaiian Islands.” The Hawaiian Islands. https://www.gohawaii.com/hawaiian-culture/history
“A Historical Overview of the Hawaiian Flag.” Oahu NearSay. October 31, 2017. https://nearsay.com/c/374184/10720/a-historical-overview-of-the-hawaiian-flag
“Ancient Hawaii.” Hawaii History. http://www.hawaiihistory.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=ig.page&CategoryID=298
“Captain Cook killed in Hawaii.” History. https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/captain-cook-killed-in-hawaii
“Hawaiian Independence Day.” Mystic Stamp Company. November 28, 2017. https://www.mysticstamp.com/info/this-day-in-history-november-28-1843/
“Political History.” Hawaiian Kingdom. https://www.hawaiiankingdom.org/political-history.shtml
“Polynesian Tattoo: History, Meanings and Traditional Designs.” Zealand Tattoo. http://www.zealandtattoo.co.nz/tattoo-styles/polynesian-tattoo-history-meanings-traditional-designs/
“Pre-Contact Hawaii.” Alternative Hawaii. https://www.alternative-hawaii.com/hacul/history.htm
“Skin Stories: The Art and Culture of Polynesian Tattoo.” PBS. https://www.pbs.org/skinstories/history/
“The 1887 Bayonet Constitution: The Beginning of the Insurgency.” Hawaiian Kingdom Blog. August 25, 2014. https://hawaiiankingdom.org/blog/the-1887-bayonet-constitution-the-beginning-of-the-insurgency/
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“What Happened to the Royal Family of Hawaii After the U.S. Took Over?” Teaching History. https://teachinghistory.org/history-content/ask-a-historian/20348
Alexander, Professor W. D. “An Account of the Uncompleted Treaty of Annexation Between the United States of American and The Hawaiian Kingdom. Negotiated in 1854.” Papers of the Hawaiian Historical Society. July 2, 1897. http://eVolsevols.library.manoa.hawaii.edu.
Bailey, Chris. “What's the Story Behind Hawaii's Flag?” Hawai’i Magazine. October 21, 2008. https://www.hawaiimagazine.com/blogs/hawaii_today/2008/10/21/is_that_the_flag
Beckwith, Martha Warren. “The Kumulipo: A Hawaiian Creation Chant.” University of Hawaii Press. 1972. http://www.ulukau.org/elib/cgi-bin/library?e=d-0beckwit2-000Sec--11haw-50-20-frameset-book--1-010escapewin&a=d&d=D0&toc=0
Blakemore, Erin. “How Measles Helped Destroy the Hawaiian Monarchy.” History. February 5, 2019. https://www.history.com/news/hawaii-monarchy-downfall-measles-outbreak
Demby, Gene. “It Took Two Centuries, But The Native Hawaiian Population May Be Bouncing Back.” NPR. April 18, 2015. https://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2015/04/18/398578801/it-took-two-centuries-but-the-native-hawaii-ans-has-finally-bounced-back
Greenspan, Jesse. “Hawaii’s Monarchy Overthrown With U.S. Support, 120 Years Ago.” History. September 1, 2019. https://www.history.com/news/hawaiis-monarchy-overthrown-with-u-s-support-120-years-ago
Hale, Richard Ricky. “Hawaiian Tattoo Designs, Meanings, and History. February 15, 2019. Tatring. https://tatring.com/tattoo-ideas-meanings/Hawaiian-Tattoos-And-Meanings-Hawaiian-Tattoo-Designs-And-History
Hankock, Stephen. “On the Overthrow of the Hawaiian Monarchy, 1893.” Cove Collections. http://www.branchcollective.org/?ps_articles=stephen-hancock-on-the-overthrow-of-the-hawaiian-monarchy-1893
Learning Network, The. “Jan. 17, 1893 | Hawaiian Monarchy Overthrown by America-Backed Businessmen.” January 17, 2012. The New York Times. https://learning.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/01/17/jan-17-1893-hawaiian-monarchy-overthrown-by-america-backed-businessmen/
Lincoln, Mileka. “Hundreds mark 126 years since overthrow of Hawaiian kingdom.” Hawaii News Now. January 17, 2019. https://www.hawaiinewsnow.com/2019/01/17/hundreds-mark-years-since-overthrow-hawaiian-kingdom/
Ng, Alexandria. “Here’s why TMT protesters fly a Hawaiian flag that’s upside down.” Hawaii News Now. July 25, 2019. http://www.hawaiinewsnow.com/2019/07/25/heres-why-tmt-protesters-fly-hawaiian-flag-thats-upside-down/
Schmitt, Robert C. and Eleanor C. Nordyke. “Death in Hawai'i: The Epidemics of 1848—1849.” https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/5014607.pdf
Smith, Whitney. “Flag of Hawaii.” Encyclopaedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/flag-of-Hawaii
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Wong, Alia. “How to Save a Dying Language.” The Atlantic. December 9, 2019. https://www.theatlantic.com/education/archive/2019/12/how-hawaiian-language-was-saved-extinction/603097/
Zublin, Fiona. “How the American Empire Destroyed the Kingdom of Hawaii.” Ozy. May 7, 2017. https://www.ozy.com/flashback/how-the-american-empire-destroyed-the-kingdom-of-hawaii/74697/
Music
“Last Energy For The Day” by Loyalty Freak Music
Source: FreeMusicArchive.org
“Luminous” by Broke for Free
Source: FreeMusicArchive.org
“If” by Broke for Free
Source: FreeMusicArchive.org
“Wide Eyes” by Chad Crouch
Source: FreeMusicArchive.org